
Class Jib 

Book .3^ 

Copyright N? 

COPVR1GHT DEPOSIT. 



A REFUGEE SHIP 



THE SAILING OF 


A REFUGEE SHIP 


A Little record of the voyage of the 


PRINCIPE DI UDINE 


from Genoa to New York in August, 


Nineteen Fourteen, during the first 


days of the European Conflict 


# 


EDITED BY 


ARNO BEHNKE 

h 


New York, 1914 



E . 






Copyright, 1914, by 
Arno Behnke 



j>CI.A380961 

JCT 19 1914 

^0/ 



To 

The Committee of Guarantors 

MR. R. A. C. SMITH 

DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER 

MR. GANO DUNN 

MR. FREDERICK W. VANDERBILT 

hose noble self sacrifice and steadfast patriotism made possible the "refugee' 

voyage of the Principe di Udine from Genoa, August 12, 1914. 



PREFACE 

So many unusual circumstances attended the "refugee" 
sailing of the Principe di Udine from Genoa to New York 
in August that a permanent record of the voyage seemed 
appropriate; a record which would include refugee sketches, 
an accurate account of the chartering of the ship, and a log 
of the voyage. 

With the hope that a booklet containing these three 
divisions of the crossing — its cause, start, and maturation, 
— might serve as a reminder to every passenger of the 
events he experienced in the refugee flight, and also as a 
permanent — if small — monument to the self sacrifice and 
steadfast patriotism of the men who undertook the re- 
sponsibilities of the sailing, the editor compiled this little 
volume. 

Its completion was made possible by the generous as- 
sistance of fellow passengers. To those who kindly related 
their refugee experiences and to those who in any way con- 
tributed to the publication of this record, the editor gives 
his sincerest thanks. In particular, he feels indebted to 
a group of passengers who gave invaluable assistance in 
the physical construction of the book. Miss Rose Churchill, 
of New Britain, Connecticut, suggested the general form 



Preface — Continued 

and sketched several of the line drawings; Mr. Fred H. 
White, of New York City, generously loaned the pictures 
for the illustrations; and Mr. Gustave Schirmer kindly 
had the manuscript placed on the presses of his busy es- 
tablishment as soon as it was ready. Mr. Dudley Rogers, 
of Dedham, Massachusetts, aided the compilation materially 
by taking charge of the subscriptions. 

New York City, September, 1914. 

ARNO BEHNKE 



THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 



THE SAILING OF A REFUGEE SHIP 




The Sailing of the Ship 

S soon as it was evident on August first that 
a general European war was certain, and 
means of transportation, as well as all 
sources of financial supply were cut off, 
the greatest agitation and distress pre- 
vailed among the tens of thousands of 
Americans scattered all over Europe. They naturally turned 
to the nearest embassy or consulate for advice and assistance. 
In view of the declared neutrality of Italy and the likelihood 
that that neutrality would be preserved and respected, 
large numbers of Americans concentrated in Milan and 
Genoa in the hope of being able to obtain passage to America 
on vessels sailing under the Italian (neutral) flag. By 
evening on August first, every available berth in the Italian 
ships scheduled to sail between that date and October first, 
was definitely engaged, and hundreds of names were upon 
the waiting lists. The Lloyd Sabaudo Company, which 
maintains a considerable fleet for the South American trade, 
and which also announces regular sailings to New York, 
had scheduled the steamer Re d'ltalia to sail from Genoa 
on Tuesday, August eleventh. A few Americans, including 
Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler and his family, Mr. and 

[ 1 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

Mrs. George B. McClellan, and Mr. and Mrs. G. C. Speranza 
of New York, were successful in procuring accommodations 
upon that ship. On Tuesday, August fourth, it was rumored 
that the Re d'ltalia would not be able to sail, since the 
Italian Government had need of it for public uses. On the 
following day, definite announcement was made at Milan 
that the Re d' Italia would not be able to sail; and that 
the passengers having booked by it would have their 
payments refunded. It was then clear that it was by no 
means certain that any other ship would be able to sail 
from an Italian port, and the whole situation was involved 
in new gloom and uncertainty. 

<& On the evening of Tuesday, August fourth, Mr. R. A. C. 
Smith, Dock Commissioner of New York, arrived in Genoa 
from Venice, and early the following morning began 
negotiations to secure passage to New York for as many of 
his fellow Americans as possible. In conference with Consul 
General Jones, he devised a plan by which the steamer 
Principe di Udine, belonging to the South American service 
of the Lloyd Sabaudo Line, should be chartered through the 
agency of the Consul General in the name of the United 
States Government, all costs and charges to be guaranteed 
by Mr. Smith and his friends. The object of this plan 
was to remove so far as possible the uncertainty which 
prevailed as to the possibility of any early sailing from Genoa 
to New York, and to put the control of the whole matter 
into the hands of Mr. Smith and his fellow Americans. 

^ During August fifth and sixth, there was a concentration 
in Genoa of a large number of well known Americans who 

[ 2 ] 



THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 

had been travelling in northern Italy when the war storm 
broke. In addition to Mr. Smith and his family, there 
were Dr. Butler of Columbia University, Mr. Gano Dunn, 
President of the J. G White Engineering Corporation 




CONSUL GENERAL JOHN EDWARD JONES. OF GENOA 



3 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

Mr. Frederick W. Vanderbilt, Medical Director J. C. Boyd, 
U. S. N., retired, and many others. All these gentlemen 
were in constant conference with Consul General Jones 
and with the hundreds of their fellow countrymen who were 
besieging the American Consulate for advice and assistance 
both by day and night. The plan to charter the Principe 
di Udine was submitted to Ambassador Thomas Nelson 
Page, at Rome, and approved by him. It is, therefore, 
due to the courage, sagacity and patriotism of Consul 
General Jones and the prompt and effective support of 
Ambassador Page that the sailing of the Principe di Udine 
was thus made possible. 

<I Therefore, a contract with the Lloyd Sabaudo Company 
was entered into by which this ship was chartered for the 
voyage to New York, the sailing to take place on August 
twelfth, without fail, at a charter price for the first and 
second cabin accommodations, of 300,000 francs. When the 
negotiations were at this stage, it was the intention of the 
steamship company to call at Naples, and also at Palermo, 
in order to embark some 1100 Italian emigrants in the 
steerage of the vessel. Farther study of the situation made 
it plain that the carrying of emigrants would be undesirable 
because of the four days delay their embarkation would 
occasion, and because of the possible embarrassment their 
presence on the vessel might afford to the Americans. 
Therefore, the committee of guarantors, consisting of 
Messrs. Smith, Butler, Vanderbilt, and Dunn, asked the 
Lloyd Sabaudo Line to fix an additional charter price, 
in return for which the ship would sail directly from Genoa, 

[ 4 ] 



THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 

without calling at Naples and Palermo, and without 
any emigrants in the steerage. An agreement was reached 
by which the additional sum of 200,000 francs was paid for 
this amendment to the original contract. The charter 
price, therefore, was 500,000 francs, gold. 

^ No sooner was this contract signed, than new difficulties 
arose, and it was not until the gang-plank was actually 
hauled in and the ship began to move at noon on Wednesday, 
August twelfth, that those in charge of the undertaking 
could breathe freely. 

^ By the terms of the charter, 50,000 francs had to be paid 
in cash to the Lloyd Sabaudo Company before 4.30 P. M. 
on Friday, August seventh, and the balance, 450,000 francs, 
on the day before sailing, Tuesday August eleventh. To 
meet these conditions required no small ingenuity, as 
well as constant and difficult negotiations. A moratorium 
had been declared in Italy, and the banks were only paying 
their depositors limited and small amounts daily. It was 
next to impossible to obtain cash on letters of credit issued 
in America, and, with the exception of the checks issued by 
the American Express Company, practically no travelers' 
checks were available. One or two of the larger banks 
both in Milan and in Genoa made small daily payments 
on account on letters of credit, but it was not possible in 
this or in any other way to accumulate sufficient cash to 
make the payments required by the charter. At this point, 
the general manager of the American Express Company in 
Genoa, Mr. Sarentino, came to the aid of the Americans 
with splendid resourcefulness and generosity. By taking the 

[5 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

personal checks and personal guarantees of the guarantors, 
he was able at 4.25 P. M. on Friday, August seventh, or 
five minutes before the option expired, to make the pay- 
ment of 50,000 francs to the Lloyd Sabaudo Company. 

<J Meanwhile, it had been discovered that the National 
City Bank of New York had a considerable cash deposit in 
the banks of Genoa. The guarantors, therefore, attempted 
to open negotiations by cable with their own banks in New 
York, asking these to transfer to Genoa through the City 
Bank sums sufficient to enable them to make the final 
payment of 450,000 francs, gold on Tuesday, August 
eleventh. Owing to the war conditions which prevailed, 
these cables were greatly delayed in transmission, but a 
final and most urgent personal cable sent by Dock Com- 
missioner Smith to President Vanderlip of the National City 
Bank on Sunday, August ninth, reached him and brought 
instant response. He stated that the necessary funds had 
been transferred to Genoa through London. It was now 
within forty-eight hours of the time fixed for the sailing of 
the ship, and the Banca Commerciale in Genoa would not 
accept Mr. Vanderlip's cable as evidence that the money 
had been transferred, without additional confirmation from 
London. This confirmation could not be obtained owing 
to the long delays and uncertainties in telegram commu- 
nication, to say nothing of the rigid censorship prevailing 
in each one of the belligerent countries. Here again the 
general agent of the American Express Company came to 
the rescue. By his co-operation and through his acceptance 
of the personal checks and guarantees of the committee of 

r c i 



THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 

guarantors, it was possible to make the final payment to the 
Lloyd Sabaudo Company in time to carry out the terms of 
the charter and thus permit the ship to sail. From the 
whole company of 400 passengers, it proved possible to 
collect only about 60,000 francs in actual cash. The 
balance was taken by the guarantors and by the American 
Express Company in the form of drafts attached to letters 
of credit, in receipts for prepaid return steamship passages, 
in travelers' checks of various kinds, and in personal checks 
on well known banks and trust companies in the United 
States. Inasmuch as gold was at a premium of fifteen per 
cent, according to official advice of the American Express 
Company, and since there were various bankers' commis- 
sions and other charges, the payment of 500,000 francs, 
gold for the ship required a payment, in lire, of about 
575,000 francs, or approximately 115,000 dollars. 

fl It is difficult to make clear to those who were not in 
Genoa or in Europe during these days of uncertainty and 
anxious distress, what formidable difficulties of every kind 
— technical as well as financial — had to be surmounted, and 
what an amount of patience, ingenuity and resourcefulness 
were needed to overcome them. All these financial ne- 
gotiations were carried on in behalf of the committee of 
guarantors by Messrs. Smith, Butler, and Dunn; Dock 
Commissioner Smith acting as chairman of the committee 
and taking the leading part in all the negotiations. 

<I Meanwhile, a system had been organized by which 
places on the ship were assigned to as many as possible 
of those who were in waiting and had registered their names 

[ 7 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

in the office of Consul General Jones. Within an hour, an 
administrative system was devised, which was a model of 
effectiveness and promptness. Three vacant rooms were 
hired in the same building with the office of the Consul 
General, and some old tables and planks were quickly ar- 
ranged as office furniture. Anxious inquirers were received 
by Mr. Henry Saunders Haskell, of New York City, 
who gave accurate information regarding the ship, the 
rates to be charged for passage, the date and place of 




MR. DUNN, CAPTAIN TISCORNIA, MR. SMITH, and DR. BUTLER, 

on board the Principe di Udine 

19 1 



THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 

sailing, and other matters of detail. The assignment of 
rooms and berths was made at the next desk by Messrs. 
Smith and Butler. Intending passengers then recorded with 
Mr. Louis Dwight Ray, Headmaster of the Irving School, 
New York, their full names and addresses both in Genoa 
and in the United States. At the right of Mr. Ray sat 
Mr. James A. Lewis, of New York, who made up the offi- 
cial list of passengers for the ship's manifest. Intending pas- 
sengers then passed into the next room where they were 
received by Mr. Gano Dunn, who served as treasurer and 
accepted in cash or in evidences of credit their payments 
on account for their passage. In this work Mr. Dunn was 
assisted by Mr. George R. Stearns, a leading cotton manu- 
facturer of Augusta, Georgia, and by Dr. W. O. Bartlett 
of Boston. When these details had been settled, the agents 
of the Lloyd Sabaudo Company, who were seated at an 
adjoining desk, issued the passage tickets. These arrange- 
ments were continued throughout Monday and Tuesday, 
August tenth and eleventh, and the men worked far into 
the nights of both days, completing their records and 
checking their lists. The whole work was done with prompt- 
ness, accuracy, and efficiency. 

<§ Inasmuch as no Italian emigrants were taken on the 
ship, the vessel was managed as if it were a single class 
boat, and all passengers, wherever berthed, and paying 
whatever rate, had the full privileges of the decks and public 
rooms. The price of passage to New York was fixed at 
250 dollars, gold, minimum price, per berth for accommoda- 
tions in the rooms scheduled as first cabin; 100 dollars, 

[ 9 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

gold, per berth for accommodations in the rooms scheduled 
as second cabin; and 50 dollars, gold, per accommodation in 
the "dormitories" as the steerage was called after it had 
been thoroughly renovated. These "dormitories" provided 
places for fifty women at one end of the ship, and for eighty 
men at the other. Every berth was speedily allotted, and 
very many anxious Americans had to be left behind. The 
ship was crowded to the utmost capacity of its sleeping 
and table accommodations. It was necessary to provide in 
both salons for two services at luncheon and two at dinner, 




the Principe di Udine 
[ 10 ] 



THE SAILING OF THE SHIP 

and the ship's stewards were engaged from morning till 
night in caring for the needs of the passengers. 
*& None but Americans were permitted on the ship, with 
the exception, of course, of the ship's own personnel. 
Provision was finally made for 399 in all. Of these, 193 
were berthed in what was described as first cabin, and 
206 in what were described as second cabin and the dor- 
mitories. Of these, 166 were men and 233, women. A 
number who were absolutely destitute of funds were 
taken without payment of any passage money whatever. 
<I It was necessary, in order to provide for so many, to 
separate families in many cases, and to berth three to six 
women or men together in a single room. All this was 
most cheerfully accepted by the passengers as a necessity 
of the situation, and the utmost good feeling prevailed. 
<I In order to provide for the health of the passengers, a 
special volunteer medical service was organized — in addi- 
tion, of course, to the excellent provision made by the ship's 
surgeon himself— under the direction of Dr. John C. Boyd, 
U. S. N., with whom were associated Dr. A. C. Stanley, of 
Washington, Dr. W. O. Bartlett, of Boston, and Dr. 
Stewart Paton, of Princeton, New Jersey. Dr. Boyd and 
his associates saw that the ship was specially provided 
with a full outfit of medical and surgical supplies, and they 
did yeoman's service in caring for the ills of the passen- 
gers. Mrs. Evelyn R. Simpson, a graduate of the Mt. 
Sinai Hospital Training School, offered her services as ship's 
nurse, and she gave those passengers who were ill the 
most skilful and tender care during the entire voyage. 

[ 11 t 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

<& For the entertainment of the ship's company, a com- 
mittee was appointed consisting of Mr. Landon Thomas, 
of Augusta, Georgia, Mrs. William H. Hill, of Boston, and 
Mr. Joseph B. Thomas, of New York. 

*I The committee of guarantors, consisting of Messrs. 
Smith, Vanderbilt, Butler, and Dunn, not only guaranteed 
to the American Express Company in Genoa the letters 
of credit, travelers' checks, and personal checks of those 
of their fellow passengers who were unknown to the 
American Express Company, but they also assumed the 
obligation to meet the deficiency which resulted from the 
difference between the passage money paid by the 399 
passengers and the chartered price of the ship. In round 
numbers this deficiency amounted to 40,000 dollars. 



EDITOR'S NOTE: In the "Unofficial Log" is reprinted a 
copy of the resolutions passed by the passengers of the ship, in 
which they expressed their appreciation of the generosity and 
untiring efforts of the Committee of Guarantors. Besides 
adopting these resolutions, the "refugees" arranged for the pur- 
chase of a handsome testimonial to be presented as a token of 
their gratitude to Mr. R. A. C. Smith, for his devoted and loyal 
service in the capacity of Chairman of the Committee. 



f 12 1 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

Introduction 

<I During the delightful task of collecting refugee sketches 
from fellow passengers, I experienced only one disagreeable 
sensation, and that was the realization — the overwhelming 
realization — that I could not record the war experiences 
of everyone on board. I often wished that, like Beelzebub, 
I were legion, so that I might gather every tale which cir- 
culated amongst the ship's company; but my wishing did 
no good and I heard only forty accounts during the trip. 

<I Some of these stories dealt with sights and sounds that 
cause the soul to ache; sights of a national hatred which 
transformed the children of twentieth century culture into 
ravaging vandals, and sounds of the shuffling of many feet 
in secret midnight mobilizations. 

<I I wanted to record them all, but limitations of space 
forced me to omit many, to shorten others, and to choose for 
variety as well as for general interest. 

<J In recording these narratives, I have given the substance 
rather than the actual words of the authors; not from reasons 
of choice, but from necessity, for I do not write shorthand. 

[ 15 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

If the persons whose accounts I have published think that 
I have erred in the transcription of their tales, I am exceed- 
ingly sorry, and I take the opportunity at this time to offer 
them my most sincere and humble apologies. 

<J In every instance, I have told the accounts in the first 
person, and with very little introduction, believing that 
this would be the most satisfactory manner. Although I 
should gladly have written a Chaucerian prologue, — because 
the narrators are a charming group of people — such a task 
surpasses my feeble powers, and I present only the tale, 
and not the teller. 

The Editor. 




[ 16 



— ^J 






REFUGEE SKETCHES =r^^ 



MR. McCLELLAN'S ACCOUNT 

*I Mr. George B. McClellan, formerly Mayor of New 
York, on being asked about the hardships he had under- 
gone in reaching Genoa, replied that he had experienced 
nothing but a phenomenal streak of luck. He said: 

"I was at Karer See in the Tyrol when Austria's military 
activities forced foreigners to leave the country. Although 
my party suffered no hardships, we saw the devastation 
of war all about us. The valley in which the Karer See 
lies was sucked absolutely dry; the government took men, 
horses, oxen, goats, — everything, leaving only the feeble 
and the young. 

"The situation of the people throughout the Tyrol is 
heart-rending, because they depend largely on the summer 
visitors for their subsistence. With the departure of the 
guests from the hotels, went the natives' means of livelihood. 
One old woman, who conducted a fruit stall, said to me as 
she pointed first to her little son and then to some rotting 
pears, 'This is all they have left me. My man is gone, and 
I cannot get any more fruit. Even if I could, there would 
be no one to eat it.' 

"On another occasion — the day after the call for mobiliza- 
tion had reached the Tyrol — I met a guide on my tramp over 
the mountains. He was hurrying along, looking neither 
right nor left. I gave the customary Tyrolese greeting, 
'Grliss Gott,' but he rushed by without replying; probably 
he had not even heard me in his preoccupation. A little 
later, I reached his hut where I found his w T ife in tears' 

[ 17 ] 



Mr. McClellan 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

She sobbingly answered my question as to what the trouble 
was by saying, 'They have taken my man away to kill him, 
and have left me here to die alone.' 

"As I said, I personally experienced nothing but luck 
in getting to Genoa. One morning, after the government 
had commandeered practically every horse in Karer See, 
I chanced to see an old dilapidated conveyance drawn by 
two thin horses pass my hotel. I put my head out of the 
window and asked the driver where he was going. He said 
to Bozen, where he was going to give up his horses. I 
asked if he would take some passengers, to which he replied 
in the affirmative. Then, although it was only five o'clock 
in the morning, we packed and went away on his wagon. 
After we had gone, only four guests remained in the es- 
tablishment which was built to accommodate 450. 

"From Bozen, quite by chance, we caught the last train 
to Riva on the Lac de Garde, where we found our hotel — 
a palatial edifice — conducted by one waiter and an idiot 
boy. The former blacked boots, cooked meals, and made 
beds, besides doing military duty every other day. Then 
we chanced to catch a boat down the lake, although the 
steamship company had cut off the regular service. Then, 
by more chance, we connected with an express train to 
Milan. Here I met Dr. Butler and Mr. Vanderbilt, who 
told me about boat sailings. I then purchased passages 
on the Principe di Udine, and here for the first time I 
almost encountered difficulties, because I had to deposit 
fifty per cent, of the passage money, and along with other 
Americans, I had been able to draw but ten pounds a day, 
so that I was short of cash. But my phenomenal luck did 

[ 18 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

not desert me, for Mr. Vanderbilt's courier happened to be 
in the office at the time and he identified me, whereupon 
the man behind the desk took my personal check on New 
York. Then I went to Genoa where I enjoyed perfect 
comfort all the while." 

MR. HOLMES' ACCOUNT 

<I Mr. E. T. Holmes, President of the Holmes Electric Mr. Holmes 
Protective Company, was at Aix les Bains during the first 
days after the declaration war. He narrates: 

"On Monday morning, August third, I was at Aix les 
Bains with many other Americans, amongst them Admiral 
Ward, Mortimer Schiff, Cary Sanger, Daniel Guggenheim, 
Major Curley, and Norman Mack, of New York. We 
foreigners held a meeting at ten A. M., and formed the 
'Association of Americans and British in Aix les Bains' 
with xAdmiral Ward as President, Mr. Cary Sanger and an 
Englishman as Vice Presidents, and Mr. Mortimer Schiff 
as Treasurer. Messages were sent to Ambassadors Herrick 
at Paris and Page at Rome, and to the State Department 
at Washington. 

"Since the last Friday, a vast change had come over Aix. 
On that evening, everything was going as usual, — music, 
entertainments, and gayety; Saturday night at eleven, all 
had stopped. Cooks began leaving their kitchens; waiters, 
porters, even proprietors were departing. Sunday morning, 
there was hardly a native man left in iVix. The good-byes 
of all day Sunday and the crying of the women and children 
will never vanish from my mind. 

[ 19 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

"No one had been able to get near a bank for three days, 
so that many Americans of wealth had less than twenty-five 
dollars in their pockets. The hotels had agreed to take care 
of their guests and to accept personal checks for board. 
Five francs seemed like fifty dollars, and no one felt like 
letting a single franc get away. Monday, the situation was 
more calm, until in the afternoon, when we were startled 
by big printed bulletins posted on every hotel which said 
that all strangers must be out of Aix by midnight, Tuesday. 

"The hotel proprietors rushed to the office of the Mayor 
and to the Chief of Police to find out what it all meant. 
They came back with the welcome information that 
strangers who could show that they had plenty of means 
of support could remain if they were vouched for and if the 
proprietors of their hotels had agreed to take care of them. 
Lists of all guests and their home addresses were filed with 
the Chief of Police. I was struck by the severity of the 
measure which turned all strangers out of the various Euro- 
pean countries without providing for their means of depar- 
ture. All but Frenchmen had to leave France, all but 
Swiss had to go from Switzerland, and all but Germans, 
from Germany. Many of the Swiss who were in Aix were 
forced to walk from the city. 

"On Tuesday, the French Government took horses away 
from everybody, even commandeering five from a woman's 
private stable. They also took many automobiles, mostly 
cars of about twenty horse power, seeming not to want 
the high power machines. 

"On Wednesday afternoon, I received the foil owing wire 
from my friend, Mr. R. A. C. Smith, whom I had expected 

[ 20 J 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

to meet in Aix: 'Suggest that you join us in Milan where 
we can get to some Southern port.' I sent a fifty word reply 
saying that it was impossible for us to get out of Aix at the 
time. An hour later, I received another communication: 
'We are leaving for Genoa, Hotel Miramare, Smith.' My 
first thought was to go there also, so that I engaged a motor 
to carry us the next morning to Modane on the Italian 
border. However, after more deliberation, I decided that 
my party of seven could not afford to leave this place where 
we were sure of lodgings, in order to go to Genoa, when we 
did not know what difficulties we might encounter there, 
so that we settled down to await further developments. 
About five o'clock Friday, I received a wire from Mr. Smith 
that almost took the legs from under me. 'Have chartered 
ship with the American Consul, sailing Wednesday. Re- 
serving accommodations for you. Must know quick.' I 
immediately asked the proprietor of my hotel if I could 
get passports for my party the next morning at nine o'clock 
as soon as the Mayor's office opened. He replied that I 
could if we had had our pictures taken. We had done this, 
for almost everybody in Aix had been having his picture 
taken during the last few days, since announcement had 
been made that the Laissez Passer permitting strangers 
to leave France would have to bear the holder's photograph. 
After receiving my information from the proprietor, I told 
my party to pack at once, so that we might depart the next 
morning at nine o'clock. 

"Then I rushed to the American Garage and with the 
great help of Mr. Nelson Robinson of West 55th Street, 
New York, who knew the proprietor, engaged a high power 

[21 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

limousine car and a truck for baggage at a cost of one 
thousand francs ($200.00) each, giving my personal check 
in payment. 

"At nine-twenty the next morning, we had our Laissez 
Passer's and at ten o'clock we were off, much to the amaze- 
ment of the other guests in Aix, who were astounded that 
we should take a chance at getting through to Italy. 
Their wonderment was not unfounded, for the town had 
been full of moving troops for two days and we had con- 
stantly heard reports of the confiscation of automobiles 
and gasolene, yet I decided to try my luck. During the 
seventy-five mile drive from Aix to Modane, we were 
stopped seventeen times by soldiers, who on two occasions 
pointed their guns directly at me. Our little French flags 
at the windshield and our passports served to get us through, 
however, without difficulty every time, especially after 
our French maid had exchanged a few jovial words with 
the guards. 

"At one place, the soldiers had barricaded the road with 
logs, and in two other places, with chains. Three times 
we became entangled with regiments of moving cavalry 
and supply wagons. Once we passed a train made up of 
twenty-eight coaches full of Italian refugees who were 
fleeing from France. They were crowded in coaches of all 
kinds, — second and third class, and even in box cars 
provided with boards for seats. 

"We arrived in Modane at three thirty, and there dis- 
covered that the next train would leave for Turin at six. 
After the customs officers had examined our baggage and 
we had had this checked to Genoa, we purchased first class 

[ 22 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

tickets to this port, paying out good money, of which we had 
very little. The railroad officials told us that the train 
would be made up there, but six o'clock came without any 
evidence of a train. A little later, we were told that one 
would soon come along, and at six forty-five, the terrible 
train of twenty-eight coaches full of Italian laborers pulled 
into the station. I could not believe that this was the one 
we were to take, but the officials insisted that it was the 
last and only one going to Turin that night, and since 
Modane was even a worse proposition than that train, we 
boarded it bag and baggage and went into a compartment — 
seven of us — already filled. Five of my party finally 
succeeded in finding seats, but the other two of us had to 
sit on our baggage in the corridor. Six hours spent in the 
worst Italian settlement in New York could be no worse 
than the six hours spent on that train. Our only meal that 
night consisted of a few rolls left over from luncheon and a 
bottle of water — a fare just as plain as that of the peasants 
all around us. We finally arrived at Turin at two o'clock 
in the morning. 

"From Turin, we proceeded to Genoa under usual con- 
ditions. Here I made connections with Mr. Smith and se- 
cured a passage on the Principe di Udine. 

"During this anxious week, I had heard from one sister 
in Lucerne and another in London, but I could not get in 
communication with a young lady cousin who was traveling 
with a party of ten in charge of an Italian courier. I had 
met her in Venice, and I knew from her itinerary that she 
must be somewhere between Interlaken and Genoa, and 
I was worrying about her continually, since I did not think 

r 23 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

that I could possibly sail without her. As fortune would 
have it, at dinner that first night in Genoa, a woman came 
up to me and asked if I were Mr. Holmes. Upon learning 
that I was Mr. Holmes, she asked if I had lost trace of a 
cousin. I at once replied that I certainly had. Then she 
said, 'Well, she is within forty minutes of this hotel; I was 
talking with her this afternoon at a bathing beach, and 
she told me that she wished that she could find a cousin 
of hers, a Mr. Holmes of New York'. 

"I had the porter call up the Hotel at Pegli and ask for 
Miss Holmes. She came to the telephone, and within 
five minutes, I was talking with the person about whom I 
had been worrying for a week. The next morning, she 
was at my hotel ready to sail with me. I felt heartily glad 
to know that all my relatives in Europe were safe at last." 

MRS. VANDERBILTS STORY 

Mrs. vanderbiit <| ]y[ rs Frederick W. Vanderbilt was living at the Miramonti 
Hotel in Cortina when the disturbance broke out. 

"We personally experienced no exciting adventures or 
hardships," she said; "but all about us we saw the suffering 
and pain brought on by the war. At my hotel — managed 
by a woman whose husband was a captain in the Austrian 
army — we felt the grip of military activities as soon as war 
was declared. 

"When I first arrived at the Miramonti, I found the 
establishment so quiet and undisturbed that I never dreamed 
it would become the scene of sighs and tears. Red- 

[ 24 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

cheeked maids, clad in those picturesque peasant costumes 
with the short skirts and beaded bodices, smiled from 
morning till night as they cared for our wants. Then 
suddenly one day, the captain received orders to report at 
his post. Not long after, the two stalwart sons had to go, 
leaving the woman alone with her maids and a little boy to 
manage the house. This seemed intolerable enough, yet 
the government increased her burden by confiscating all 
her horses, even her little boy's black pony. 

''Everywhere in the hills, we saw evidences of similar 
hardships. Weak remnants of families — feeble grandfathers 
and little children — struggled to complete the harvests 
their sturdy men had left unfinished. One day, I saw an 
old man, assisted by two women and a young boy, pulling 
an oxcart to the fields where they were probably going to 
load it with grain. The war had deprived them even of their 
beasts of burden. How they will live if the fighting con- 
tinues, I cannot imagine. 

"We had to leave Cortina because the train and motor 
service was to stop shortly. Later, we met some Boston 
people who had arrived at our hotel after we had gone. 
They said that the place had been closed because of 
scarlet fever. The little boy had been taken with this 
terrible disease soon after our departure. The Boston 
people tried to help the poor woman, but they could offer 
no aid, since all the doctors in the vicinity had gone to the 
front. They had to leave her there, alone, without help, 
without means, and with a deathly sick child. I shudder 
to think of it." 

[ 2.5 ] 



\J- 



"V- 



|j||gE=?^s^= A REFUGEE SHIP 

— —— - DR. PARKERS ADVENTURE 

-Z -r'ZZ q Dr. and Mrs. Virgil F. Parker, of Brooklyn, New York, 
experienced one of the most trying adventures heard on 
Dr. Parker board the ship. Dr. Parker told the following story: 

"Mrs. Parker and I had just ended a motor trip at San 
Sabastian, Spain, when the war broke out. On Saturday, 
August first, we boarded a train for Marseilles in order to 
make our boat — the Canada of the Fabre Line — back 
to America on the following Monday. In San Sabastian 
we knew nothing whatsoever about a war between France 
and Germany. Only after we had passed the French 
border and had seen soldiers guarding the tracks and tun- 
nels everywhere and the fields destitute of men, did we 
surmise that something unusual was going on. Then hordes 
of French peasants began to pour into our train. At every 
station, more crowded in until not another person could 
have climbed on board. Fifteen people pushed their way 
into our compartment built to accommodate eight. My wife 
and I were jammed into our seats so tightly that we could not 
move; to make matters worse, a big, fat peasant suddenly 
plumped himself upon my lap. I protested vehemently, but 
he could not understand English and I could not speak 
French, so that my objections affected him as little as if I 
were giving a monologue in Patagonian about the next 
tribal bear hunt. My legs had hardly become inured to the 
pressure of his two hundred pounds, when a new calamity 
came upon us. A woman, too tired to stand any longer, 
seated herself in the open window, effectually shutting off 
our already meager supply of fresh air. 

[ 26 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

"For twenty-seven long hours we sat in that inferno. 
From Saturday afternoon until Sunday night, we endured 
a torture I had believed impossible this side of Purgatory. 
I tried my utmost to secure food, but without success, 
for I could not budge from my seat to get at the scanty 
supply sold by the vendors at the stations. Fortunately, 
Mrs. Parker found a shriveled lemon in her handbag, for- 
gotten there since we had left America more than a month 
before. By squeezing and rolling it between my hands, I 
succeeded in pressing out fifteen precious drops. We had 
never appreciated the delicious flavor of lemons before this 
time. I am willing to wager that no Olympian god ever 
enjoyed his nectar more than we did that sour juice. The 
relief which the two drops of water of parable fame would 
have afforded the Rich Man in Gehenna would shrink into 
insignificance compared to the refreshment we derived from 
our withered lemon. During twenty-seven tortuous hours, 
hours of heat, smoke, cinders, and foul air, no other 
nourishment passed our lips. I never realized up to that 
time how much agony a human body can endure. 

"We learned afterwards that our train was the last one 
carrying civilians over the Pyrenees. Even though two 
engines pulled it all the way, we made so many stops and 
went so slowly that we covered only about 350 miles in 
those terrible twenty-seven hours. 

"During the next two days, Monday and Tuesday, we 
lived in the midst of mobilization activities. Marseilles 
fairly shook with the tramp of marching feet ; thousands upon 
thousands of men poured in from the surrounding country 
to this point of concentration. Very quickly, lodging 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

accommodations gave out, so that the incoming people had to 
sleep in the parks and streets. They crowded into the open 
square in front of our hotel like a lot of sheep into a fold, 
trampling on the grass and flower beds with ruthless un- 
concern. Some wore soldiers costumes, some wore the 
red trousers of the French army with ordinary civilian 
coats; many carried round loaves of bread strapped to their 
backs because the price of foodstuffs was rising daily and 
rumor had it that the supply would give out shortly. 

"At all hours of the night, the heroic Marseillaise burst 
forth from excited throats. Even though I was in straits 
because of the very situation which led to the singing of 
that song, its stirring melody and martial rhythm thrilled 
me through and through. 

"On Monday, we learned that the Canada would not 
sail, since the government had ordered her to report with 
the fleet as a hospital ship. Before we made this dis- 
covery, we had put our trunks on board, so that we now 
gave them up for lost. Luckily, however, our porters 
succeeded in carrying them down the gang-plank just 
before the vessel pulled out. Right after this, we received 
the information that the banks refused to cash travelers' 
checks and letters of credit. I had $300.00 in American 
Express Company's checks and three francs in cash. By 
dint of some of the most economical buying we have ever 
done in our lives, Mrs. Parker and I made that sixty cents 
purchase three meals, and you may believe me that ten 
cent luncheons and dinners looked pretty slim after a twenty- 
seven hours fast. 

[ 28 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

"Monday afternoon, we went to our consulate where we 
found fifteen fellow countrymen in similar hard straits. 
The seventeen of us swore eternal allegiance and fidelity 
to our little band. The consul told us that the French 
government had issued orders that all foreigners must leave 
Marseilles by midnight Tuesday, and also that no one 
would be allowed to go without first getting permission 
from the Chief of Police. These commands put us into a 
pretty plight, for none of us knew of any available trains 
or boats leaving the city. We felt as helpless as prisoners 
tied hand and foot in a dungeon who might be ordered to fly. 

"By the time Mrs. Parker and I had walked back to our 
hotel — we had not any money to squander on either cab 
or car fares — we were almost ready to have ourselves arrested 
as spies, for in prison we could at least obtain food and 
drink. Our proprietor told us that the hotel rates had 
advanced all over the city, at which I took great pains to 
explain to him that if he increased the charges for our 
accommodations, he might just as well put our baggage into 
the street at once, because we absolutely could not afford to 
pay more than the usual price. He kindly allowed us to remain. 

"Not long afterward, a riot broke out in the street not 
far from our hotel. A huge mob of mad Frenchmen began 
to storm two shops owned by Germans. First they hurled 
brickbats and cobble stones into the windows of a jewelry 
store and after they had completely ruined the contents 
of this place, they turned upon the establishment of a 
furniture dealer. In both instances, they destroyed the 
merchandise without taking any of it for plunder. Such 
hatred made my blood run cold. 

[ 29 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

"Late Tuesday afternoon — in fact, so late that I could not 
notify the other Americans — I received a 'tip' that a boat 
carrying refugee German officers and civilians would sail 
for Genoa at midnight, and that Mrs. Parker and I might 
go along, if we could get the necessary permission from the 
Chief of Police. We hurriedly packed our baggage, giving 
one trunkful of clothes, for which we had no urgent need, 
to the hotel proprietor in return for his kindness in allowing 
us to stay in his establishment at the normal rates, and 
rushed to the police station. To our dismay, we found this 
place closed for the day. In desperation, we decided to 
try to board the boat without the Chief's permission. 

"On our way to the dock, we saw scores of deserted 
wagons in the streets, left standing in their tracks by the 
officers who had commandeered the horses. We passed one 
square filled with these animals, proud racers standing 
side by side with clumsy toilers of the fields. A soldier 
clad in blue and red went from horse to horse painting 
large white numerals on their necks. The white paint on 
his brush erased all distinction of blood and breed; each 
horse lost his identity and became a cipher. 

"Very few automobiles except those in the government 
service were to be seen on the streets, for the military had 
also commandeered motor vehicles. Those being used by 
the army flew little French flags at their windshields. 

"When we arrived at the dock, we found a squad of 
French soldiers standing guard at the gang-plank ready to 
take the Germans as prisoners of war if the ship did not 
get under way at midnight. By a happy chance, no one 

[ 30 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

asked for our permit from the Chief of Police, so that we 
slipped on board, feeling very thankful for our good luck. 
Nevertheless, we were far from being calm until the whistle 
announcing our departure sounded over the harbor, and I 
am pretty certain that some of those dignified German offi- 
cers breathed a secret sigh of relief when they heard the 
blast, even though they did pretend to feel quite stoical 
about the whole matter." 



FROM TRIESTE TO SAN GIORGIO 

<I Mr. Louis D. Ray of 15 West 84th Street, New York Mr - Ray 
City, related the following experience : 

"On Tuesday afternoon, August fourth, Mrs. Ray and I 
were sailing on the Austrian Lloyd steamship Galicia 
through the Straits of Otranto, just beyond Corfu, having 
come from Constantinople and the Piraeus. In the Straits, 
we saw an English fleet of four gunboats and four torpedo 
boat destroyers, but since England had not declared war 
at that time, our Austrian boat was not molested. Wednes- 
day morning, we passed an Austrian fleet of three torpedo 
boats, two cruisers, and a dreadnought at target practice, 
an event which gave us an opportunity to see their marks- 
manship. I thought this very poor, since they hit the canvas 
only about once in seven trials. Thursday afternoon, we 
sighted Trieste, our port, and when we arrived there, we 
found the harbor almost dead; besides our vessel, nothing 
else was moving except another arriving ship and our tender, 
although there were sixty or seventy boats at anchor. 

[ 31 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

"Almost as soon as we had landed, we were informed that 
all train and boat service to Italy had been cut off and that 
if we wished to continue our way there, we would have to 
either try our luck on a troop train or hire a motor. The 
next day, we decided to do the latter. Before starting, 
we had to get a permit from the chief of police, a Captain 
Lonec. We first went to the police station, thinking that 
he would naturally be there, but we found this place in 
charge of an Italian who carefully inspected our passports 
and then told us that we were in the wrong establishment 
and that we must see Captain Lonec personally, whom we 
would find at the barracks. After receiving this information 
we proceeded to the barracks, where Ave found soldiers 
everywhere. Since saluting seemed to be the proper thing 
to do, I saluted everybody I saw and everybody saluted in 
return with the greatest courtesy. We had to take places 
in a line which had formed at the Captain's door, and when 
our turn arrived, we explained our desires carefully and in 
great detail, keeping our passports on display all the while. 

"Captain Lonec treated us with marked courtesy, al- 
most with cordiality, but while he was writing our police 
permit, he received three messages, one of which changed 
his attitude toward us from gallant attention to mere civility. 
This message informed him that Austria and Russia had 
broken off diplomatic connections and that the American 
Consul in Trieste would take charge of the Russian affairs 
there. Since we were, therefore, distantly connected with 
Russia — being Americans — he felt less cordially inclined 
toward us. He transacted our business, however, with 
all desirable dispatch, and, with a formal salute, dis- 
missed US. r gg l 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

"Then we started our motor trip up the wonderful moun- 
tains which lie at the head of the Adriatic above Trieste. 
We wound up and up for three thousand feet, catching 
beautiful vistas everywhere of green valleys interspersed 
with gleaming white houses and silvery rivers. Half way 
up, a soldier stopped us and demanded our permit. This 
he 'read' upside down, pronounced good, and then allowed 
us to pass. About a quarter of a mile further on, another 
guard stopped us, this time with a fixed bayonet. He, too, 
demanded our permit. After carefully comparing the 
number of our car with that on the paper, he also allowed 
us to proceed. We had gone about a half mile more, when 
a young blond giant, whose arms and legs extended 
for yards beyond his trousers and sleeves, commanded us 
to halt. He demanded our permit in the usual manner, 
but instead of pretending to read it, took it to his superior, 
while we carefully followed him. The officer gave his O.K. 
and allowed us to go on. At the seventh repetition of this 
procedure, my interpreter carelessly lost patience and 
swore at the soldier who had stopped us, whereupon the 
latter increased his severity at once by demanding that we 
unlock our trunks and bags for his inspection. I was per- 
fectly willing to help him in his task, because I had come 
to the conclusion that the safest attitude to adopt, if we 
wished to get to Italy, was one of extreme civility. 

"All went well in his search through two suitcases, three 
bags and one trunk until I had lifted the tray of the last 
named article, thereby exposing a Turkish coffee mill that 
we had bought in Constantinople. When the soldier saw 
this utensil, which resembles a piece of bronze pipe eight 

[ 33 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

inches long by two in diameter, he thought that he had 
discovered a Servian bomb, and was about to put us 
under arrest. Mrs. Ray quickly came to our rescue, how- 
ever, by hurriedly attaching the handle of the grinder and 
milling a few grains of coffee which fortunately remained in 
the 'infernal machine' from the last demonstration, and 
then holding the article close to the Austrian's nose, so that 
he might smell the odor of the berries. Even he appreciated 
the humor of the situation, and, with a grin, put the grinder 
back. 

"Guards stopped us two more times and examined our 
baggage once more before we reached Cervignano, the 
town at the Austro-Italian border. Here the customs 
officers inspected it, but luckily, they did not discover 
the Turkish coffee mill. 

"At this place, we had to change from our motor to a 
peasant's wagon that my interpreter had succeeded in 
ferreting out from a countryside destitute of horses and 
conveyances. We had wanted to go as far as San Giorgio 
in the automobile, but the chauffeur did not dare to take it 
out of Austria. After our ride in the peasant's wagon, we 
experienced no more refugee 'hardships,' since we went all 
the rest of the way to Genoa on regular trains." 

MR. THANHOUSER'S SKETCH 

Mr. Thanhouser <| Mr. Edwin Thanhouser, of New York City, tells just a 
few words. He said: 

"The tragedy of it all came upon me in one brief second. 
One morning early, I stood at my bedroom window in 

[ 34 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

Argentiere watching a troop train pull out. The recruits 
shouted the Marseillaise with tremendous enthusiasm. 
The ardor with which they sang thrilled me through and 
through. Then suddenly, while their shouting still echoed 
in the distance, I heard a great wail below me and looking 
down, I saw the mother and sister of one of those boys 
sobbing as if their hearts would break. Never before have 
I experienced such a dramatic effect, — first the song and 
then the sob. It was tragic." 

THE BOMBARDMENT OF BELGRADE 

Dr. Louis 0. Hartman, of Chicago, Superintendent of Dr. Hartman 
the Foreign Department of the Methodist Episcopal Board 
of Sunday Schools, was in Servia at the outbreak of hostil- 
ities. He chanced to be in Semlin on July twenty-ninth, 
the day the Austrians first attacked Servia, and gives the 
following account of the bombardment of Belgrade: 

"Just before my two friends and I arrived in Semlin, that 
little Servian town across the Danube from Belgrade, the 
natives blew up the railroad bridge connecting the two 
cities. About ten minutes after our arrival, the bombard- 
ment began. It all happened so unexpectedly that I could 
not believe my own ears or eyes. I felt at first that it was all 
being staged for the benefit of an audience; that the shells 
which burst from the cannons did not really kill people 
across the river, but only lodged harmlessly in a prepared 
pit. Yet as the roar continued throughout the day, the 
horror of it all began to crush me. 

"The battle started when the Austrian warships steamed 
out of their places of shelter and moved up the Danube to 

\ 35 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

a location from which they could open an effective fire 
upon the forts behind the city. With revengeful violence, 
they vomited broadside after broadside upon the age-old 
fortress of Belgrade, the nursery of anti-Austrian sentiment. 
Thick clouds of smoke hung over the vessels and the steady 
roar of their guns detonated through the historic valley. 
The Servians replied by firing at the ships, but their shells 
caused no damage. 

"That the Austrian cannonading was producing havoc in 
the city, however, soon became apparent. Buildings caught 
fire and burned with tremendous fury. Great volumes of 
black smoke rolled over the district near Prince Michael 
Street. The mass spread and became more dense until 
it almost blotted out that part of the town. All day, the 
Austrians hurled shell against the enemy, and all day the 
fort tried vainly to retaliate. 

"Towards evening, however, both sides gradually ceased 
firing, and as the sun slowly sank in a golden splendor far 
too brilliant for the close of such a tragic day, the Austrian 
warships steamed silently back to their retreats. 

"All day long an expectant and dramatic hush had hung 
over Semlin. People talked in undertones and walked 
swiftly, almost stealthily, when they appeared on the 
streets. Very few shopkeepers had opened their estab- 
lishments because very few customers would care to trade 
on a day so eventful as this. Besides, a feeling of un- 
easiness pervaded the town; everyone seemed to harbor a 
secret notion that the firing might be turned upon us at any 
minute. I noticed this anxiety everywhere; my waiter per- 
formed his duties with irritating distraction. I asked for 

[ 36 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

coffee three times at luncheon and then received tea. But 
realizing his state of mind, I felt that his inattention might 
well be forgiven. 

"After the ships had withdrawn, more people came into 
the streets, but all still maintained an air of uneasiness. 
One old Serb near me pointed to the western sky, muttering 
sentences unintelligible to my ear. I looked to where I had 
noticed the marvelously golden sunset but a few moments 
earlier and, to my surprise, I saw a sky of blood. One 
might have thought that a Supreme Hand had dashed a 
brush red with human gore against the blue canvas of the 
heavens. Probably the old Serb read a prophecy in the 
transformation of that sunset, and was muttering about 
the horrible days it presaged. 

"That evening, while we were eating Hungarian goulash 
in our hotel with two English war correspondents, the 
noise of bombardment once more thundered through the 
valley. We all hurried out into the darkness leaving the 
meal half untouched to see what new attack was taking 
place. We found that the Austrians had come forth again 
and had resumed their terrific firing, this time with the 
aid of a powerful searchlight. The sharp inquisitive gleam 
of this instrument sought out vulnerable spots in the enemy's 
position and when it had discovered a favorable target, 
the ship's guns shot forth sharp flashes of fire which an- 
nounced that the gunners had hurled destruction at the 
marks pointed out to them. Spurts of flame like tiny dis- 
charges of lightning coming from the hill behind Belgrade 
showed that the fort still held out. Belgrade had lighted 
its street lamps in spite of the bombardment. We could 

[ 37 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

distinguish the different thoroughfares by the paths of 
illumination, and everywhere we could see the little bits of 
brilliance which signified windows and doors. 

"It was a night of contrasts. From above, a new moon 
shed a faint, peaceful radiance upon wide sleeping fields. 
Below, the Austrian searchlight swept the river and Belgrade 
with vindictive brightness. Intervals of ominous silence, 
after a series of thundering broadsides, produced a distinct 
sensation upon our ears. With the shifting of the wind, 
we smelled alternately the pungent smoke of battle or the 
earthly fragrance of newly harvested fields. Even though 
the reality of the conflict had come fully upon me during 
the day, towards the late hours of the evening, I once again 
vaguely sensed, with that uncertainty which a person feels 
in a dream, that it all could not be true, that a stage man- 
ager stood somewhere behind the wings directing the 
production. It took place with too much precision; it 
was too 'perfect' a battle. With the vessels steaming up 
the placid river and firing upon the fort and with the fort 
replying quite precisely, the whole bombardment seemed 
too much a matter of fact, too perfunctory, an affair which 
did not greatly concern either contestant. When I went 
back to my hotel, however, — about two hours later, after 
the Austrians had again withdrawn — and saw the strained 
faces of the men and the tear-wet eyes of the Avomen, the 
earnestness of it all struck me with renewed force. 

"My party left Semlin that evening on the last train 
taking civilians. As we rolled away from the scene of the 
conflict, we wondered what the outcome of that battle 
would be. Little did we realize that the firing we had 

[ 38 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

witnessed would go down in the annals of mankind as the 
beginning of one of the most frightful world wars history 
will ever record." 



IN SWITZERLAND 

<I During the first few days following the outbreak of in Switzerland 
international hostilities, many Americans thought that 
Switzerland might be the country of refuge, but they quickly 
discovered the error of this notion, for the rush of Europe's 
dominant powers into the maelstrom of military activities 
sucked in the little Mountain Republic almost at once. 

$ When the mobilization calls in Switzerland took pro- 
prietors, concierges, and waiters from hotels; cabmen, 
chauffeurs, and automobiles from the streets, the foreign 
visitors were forced to go. One of the passengers, who was 
a guest at the Hotel Alexandra in Lausanne at the time, 
told of the situation with great feeling. 

"I felt such pity for the men who had to quit their 
wives and families and occupations because in a far-off land 
a maniac had killed an archduke who meant nothing to 
them. One could see that they had no interest in the fight. 
A waiter in our hotel came in to serve tea one afternoon, 
upset with surpressed emotion. I remarked that he looked 
unwell. He replied with terrible bitterness, 'Madame, I am 
aflame inside. After I have served you this afternoon, I 
must go to war, not because we have been wronged, not 
for our liberty, but because a madman wants to change a 
map. For his insane idea, we must give up our lives.' 

[ 39 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

"On another occasion, I overheard one of those young 
foreigners who come to Lausanne to learn the hotel busi- 
ness — in this case an Englishman — say with a great deal 
of feeling, 'Just now, I have said good-bye to four dear 
friends, a German, a Frenchman, an Austrian, and a Swiss. 
We drank one last toast to our eternal friendship. Now 
they have gone to fight against one another. Perhaps my 
government will call me, so that I, too, may have to take 
up arms against them.' Two days later, he was called. 

"It seems to me that this great twentieth century con- 
flict will teach us that we all — French, English, American, 
or Servian — belong to one great family, and that when one 
nation turns against another, we all suffer. 

"My own personal experiences are probably the same as 
those of all Americans who were in Switzerland at the time. 
On Tuesday, August fourth, only four days after the be- 
ginning of war activities, all the horses in Lausanne had 
disappeared. We tried all day to get our baggage to the 
station but we could find no conveyance. After we had 
given up all hope of ever getting it to the train, our courier 
appeared with what he said was the last horse in the city, 
an old beast, too decrepit for military service. This poor 
creature pulled our trunks to the station, while we women — 
six of us — walked, for we absolutely could not get a carriage. 

"Before we left Lausanne, we saw hotels being closed all 
about us. The men had gone to the front, and the maids 
had gone to the harvest fields, in order to save the precious 
crops from rotting. 

"Everywhere we found Americans in distress. The 
banks had refused to cash checks, so that no one could pay 

[ 40 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

hotel bills. Some proprietors began to ask payment be- 
cause they had to pay cash for their milk and food, and the 
guests could give them no money. What the Americans 
will do when the hotels close, I cannot imagine. As it was, 
many did not have enough money in cash to leave Switzer- 
land. Perhaps they will have to walk as the Italian 
workers in Germany and Switzerland did. We saw thous- 
ands of these poor people with only the clothes on their 
backs and the little things they could carry, struggling 
to reach Italy. All their larger effects had to be left behind. 
"It was all horrible. My sympathy has been worn thread- 
bare. I only wish that I could help the Americans who are 
still there." 

FRAGMENTS FROM A PERSONAL JOURNAL 

Saturday 

^ August 1. Today is the Swiss mid-summer patriotic 
day, but for the first time in many hundreds of years — 
somebody said 633 — it was not celebrated. All the fetes 
planned for the day were abruptly abandoned, because 
word had gone out that the army must mobilize. Crowds of 
men surrounded government placards everywhere learning 
where and when they were to report. I went into a con- 
fectionery shop to buy some candy. The old Swiss woman 
who waited on me said as she sold me some little red ices 
each of which was decorated with a white cross, 'This is the 
only celebration we can have today." 

Sunday 

August 2. The bulletin boards are still the centers of 
excited groups. Soldiers hurried through the Place St. 

[ 41 ] 



A Personal 
Journal 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

Francois all day, and nearly every man not in uniform wore 
a little Swiss flag. The pigeons fluttered as usual above the 
vivid flowers clustered about the church entrance, but no 
one noticed them. The old grey edifice was crowded to the 
vestibule and the tremendous volume which issued from 
all of these throats when they sang that cry of a troubled 
and defenseless human soul "A mighty fortress is our God, 
a bulwark never yielding" sounded far across the Square. 
The good pastor, an eloquent man, besought the people to 
"be strong and of good courage." 

Monday 

August 3. Our waiters are all leaving. Some of them 
do not want to go at all. One said this noon with terrible 
emphasis, "This is a war of Emperors and the Emperors 
will hear from us after it is over." 

The proprietor has changed our menus ; we have been put 
on reduced rations. They say that the food supply of 
Switzerland is not sufficient to provide for the people if 
the country passes through a long period of isolation. 

My tailor said today that he was going to close, since both 
his customers and his workmen have all left. I did not 
think that the war would affect even the tailors in less than 
a week. 

IN GERMANY 

Prof. Newboid <j[ Professor Newbold, of the University of Pennyslvania, 
was one of the many Americans caught in Austria's Spas. 
His narrative tells of the way in which Americans learned 

f 42 1 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

of the hostilities and of the manner in which they left the 
belligerent country. He said: 

"I was at Bad Gastein on July 25th, the day Servia's 
refusal to accept Austria's demands reached the public. 
I happened to be in the hotel lobby when a man came in 
with the news. At first, I thought that the air would be 
filled with jingoistic talk, but to my surprise, the Austrians 
evinced only gravity and concern. The crowd in the lobby 
broke up into little groups who talked in serious undertones 
about the unexpected complications. 

"We guests felt the disturbance of war at once. The 
very next morning at nine o'clock, the proprietor informed 
us that the last trains to Vienna and Budapest would leave 
Gastein at midnight. On hearing this news, all the people 
going north packed and rushed to the station. During the 
following week, patients from all parts of the world flocked 
from the Spa. Probably 1000 went in five days. 

"When Austria called for a general mobilization, the 
abject misery of the men who would have to defend Kaiser 
and Krone filled me with sorrow. When my waiter learned 
that he had to go, he burst into tears. 'We don't want to 
fight/ he said; 'but what can we do? We have had no 
Reichstag. A few old men in Vienna put their heads to- 
gether, and say we should go to kill some other people who 
feel just the way we do, and then we must do it.' 

"On Saturday, we went to Salzburg where we found 
pitiable desertion. Men, horses, automobiles, — all had been 
drafted into the army. From Salzburg, we went to 
Freilass, at the German border. Here we had to stop while 

[ 43 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

the officials inspected our papers and baggage. Con- 
fusion reigned everywhere; all the porters had gone to the 
war, so that the travelers had to carry their own luggage. 
The men did not mind this work greatly, but the women 
experienced serious difficulties in lifting their heavy bags. 



t"l 


f 

■ 







AN AUSTRIAN TRAIN DURING THE MOBILIZATION 

[ 44 ] 



REFUGEE SKETCHES 

The train to Munich filled up in a second, and even after 
one would have said that not a single person more could 
get on, a hundred more climbed aboard. People sat in the 
corridors and in the narrow aisles between the seats, and 
even in the windows. If Satan is modern enough to employ 
trains to carry his victims from Purgatory to Gehenna, he 
might well take that train from Freilass to Munich as a 
criterion of torture. 

"We reconciled ourselves to our discomfitures by thinking 
that all our privations would be over when we arrived at 
Munich, but when we reached this famous old city, we 
found that we were stepping from the frying pan into the 
fire. The scene at the station baffles description. We be- 
came jammed between piles of baggage fifteen feet high, 
and for a while, I thought that I should never get any 
further into Munich. After some time of suffocation, 
however, we finally reached the streets. These we found 
full of singing soldiers. Die Wacht am Rhein and Deutsch- 
land Uber Alles rang out from thousands of patriotic 
throats. It was thrilling, but it also sent shivers down my 
spine to hear that fervor to kill fellow beings. 

"As soon as we had arrived at our hotel in Munich, we 
learned that it would be best for us to depart from Ger- 
many immediately. I met one of my former colleagues in 
the Department of Philosophy at Pennsylvania, Professor 
Fullerton of Columbia University and the University of 
Vienna, who lives in Munich, and he advised me to go to 
Switzerland, saying that the German government was 
already quartering troops on the citizens. Even as he 
spoke, an officer walked up to the hotel desk and asked for 
a Quartierung. r 45 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

"We took the last train out of Munich to Lindau, from 
where we proceeded to Genoa. 

"One of the incidents in connection with the war which 
struck me with great force was the manner in which the 
Austrian and German governments censored the news. 
Three days after Italy had declared her neutrality, we still 
read in the Kaiser's publications announcements of King 
Emmanuel's readiness to fight with his allies in the Triple 
Alliance. When the newspapers finally came forth with 
the information that Italy was going to remain neutral, 
they put it in such a light that the Austrians and Germans 
could not perceive her unfriendly attitude. One Vienna 
journal announced that for the present Italy would remain 
neutral because she had 70,000 soldiers in Africa, and needed 
the rest of her troops to defend her many miles of coastline. 
Not until we had reached Genoa, did I learn of the true 
attitude Italy had adopted towards the Alliance. 

"I distinctly remember a conversation I had with 
an Italian soldier who rode in our compartment to Genoa. 
In reply to my question as to whether or not his country 
would fight with Germany, he said, 'Surely we will fight. 
We are bound in honor to do so. Yet it means our ruin; 
our open coasts lie at the mercy of the English and French 
fleets, but fight we must. However, I cannot help saying 
that Germany did wrong in crossing Belgium after agreeing 
to recognize her neutrality; such conduct is unpardonable — 
it is a terrible dishonor to the Kaiser.' ' 



[ 40 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

<I Logs of ships voyages are usually terribly exact accounts 
which state the latitude, longitude, and precise hour of 
events, their cause, effect, and instructive value, the names 
of the witnesses, their homes, occupations and favorite 
flowers, besides many other items of important inform- 
ation; and for the purpose of official record, these logs pos- 
sess great merit. But this one of the refugee voyage of the 
Principe di Udine will be marked with little of that 
desirable nautical precision, and for that reason, I have 
carefully labeled it "Unofficial". 

<& Probably no one of the refugees will ever forget the scene 
at the Genoa wharf as the time for departure drew near. 
Staggering porters and excited passengers bumped into 
one another on the gang-plank; vendors of gaudy steamer 
chairs competed with peddlers of cheap binoculars to get the 
last few centissimi from the slim purses of the departing 
voyagers. The poor, disappointed fellow-Americans, who 
had to stay behind, tried to be cheerful and to wish us 
enthusiastic "God-speeds" while the never-to-be-forgotten 
Italian band struggled heroically to render the Star 
Spangled Banner with enthusiasm and eclat. And cer- 
tainly no one will forget the belated arrival of a large man 
clad in a light linen suit who jumped aboard just as the 
captain was about to order the gang-plank pulled in. 

[ 49 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

<I After this last refugee had reached the deck, the boat 
began to move from the dock amidst a final pandemonium of 
tooting whistles, shrill goodbyes, parting cheers, and more 
vigorous and more discordant strains of the grand old 




STAGGERING PORTERS AND HURRYING PASSENGERS 



national anthem. Passengers crowded to the rails waving 
their little American flags in final farewell, and shouting last 
words of encouragement to the brave people whom we had 
to leave in Genoa. Soon, the whole scene on the dock melted 
into a confused mass of straw hats, colored umbrellas, and 

[ 50 ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

dark suits; finally, even Dr. Jones, clad in a blue coat and 
white flannels, on his little tug in our wake, became just a 
speck of black and white against the water, and our refugee 
trip across the Atlantic was on. 




WAVING FINAL FAREWELLS FROM THE SHIP S RAIL 



<I Probably no more unique voyage than this one of the 
Pincipe di Udine has ever started from Genoa's historic 
harbor since Columbus first blazed the way to America. 
Never has a ship's company been made up of four hundred 
tourists flying from the battle fumes of a general European 

[ ol } 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

conflict — unless possibly a few stray colonists rushed from 
the roar of Napoleon's guns; what is more, probably very 
few genuine refugees crossing the Atlantic have ever 
enjoyed all the privileges of a private yacht, as every one 




THE NEVER-TO-BE-FORGOTTEN ITALIAN BAND 



on board the Udine did, even the steerage passengers. 
This arrangement, whereby no class distinctions were ob- 
served other than those absolutely necessary to the good 
management of the ship, established a feeling of solidarity 
seldom if ever seen amongst the company of a three-class 

[ 52 ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOCx 

steamer. Since the passengers felt drawn together by the 
hardships and privations they had endured in common in 
Europe, a true spirit of congeniality prevailed on board, a 
state of affairs which was made even more delightful by the 




CONSUL GENERAL JONES SAYING GOOD BYE 



careful attention Captain Tiscornia and his staff and the 
Committe of Guarantors gave to every refugee's slightest 
want. If a person unfamiliar with the circumstances 
attendant to the sailing of the ship had boarded her in 
mid-ocean, he would undoubtedly have thought that he 

[ 53 [ 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

had encountered a large private party cruising for the 
summer. 

^ During the first few days out, the experiences undergone 
on the Continent formed the principal topic for conversation 




A SMALL PART OF THE CROWD LEFT BEHIND ON THE DOCK 

with young and old alike. The more harrowing adventures 
went the rounds of the ship with amazing rapidity. After 
the languor which an ocean voyage always induces had begun 
to overcome everybody, however, thoughts of Germany, 
Switzerland, and Genoa receded before hazy day dreams 

[ 54 ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

and plots of fascinating books. Gradually the tenseness 
which had at first prevailed grew less, and finally this gave 
way to a general feeling of relief and ease, so that the ship 
began to bubble over with good spirits. 




A LAST VIEW OF GENOA 

^ Within a short time, the Committe on Entertainments 
had the young people engaged in dances and deck sports, 
and had arranged a series of afternoon meetings in the 
dining salon at which fellow passengers spoke. On Monday, 
August 17, Mr. Smith gave his talk, "The Ship That Sailed"; 

[ 55 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

the next afternoon, Mr. Eugene H. Byrne, of the University 
of Wisconsin, spoke on "The Beginnings of Genoa"; on 
Wednesday, Mr. Paul S. Reinsch, United States Minister 
to China, gave a lecture on "American Business Work in 




DECK TENNIS 



China"; Friday afternoon, Mr. George B. McClellan, 
formerly Mayor of New York and at present a professor at 
Princeton, read a paper on "Italy's Relation to the Present 
War" which will soon appear in the Atlantic Monthly; 
Saturday afternoon, Mr. Gano Dunn, one of the country's 
foremost electrical engineers, gave a lecture on "Wireless 
Telegraphy". [ 5G ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

<I At the conclusion of the talks on the various afternoons, 
Dr. Butler, who acted as chairman, opened the meetings 
to general discussion. On two occasions, the ship's com- 
pany passed resolutions in which they expressed their 
thankfulness to the men who had made the voyage possible. 
The first set, containing an appreciation of the work of 
Consul General Jones of Genoa, is as follows : 
"1. We, the passengers on the good ship Principe di 
Udine of the Lloyd Sabaudo Line, desire to express our 
heartiest appreciation of what the United States Consul 
General at Genoa, 

JOHN EDWARD JONES, 

has recently done'in our behalf, in assisting us, in a time 
of sudden and extraordinary emergency, to return safely 
and quickly to our American homes. 

"2. We desire to recognize the sympathy and the kind- 
ness with which the Consul General, ably seconded by his 
office force, treated each one of us, making our troubles his 
own, cheering us up when we were losing heart, and seeking 
out special cases of need among our afflicted countrymen 
and women. 

"3. Resolved, that we desire to publish to our country 
the unwearied faithfulness of our Consul General in acting 
day and night for our relief, doing all that could be expected 
of any consul and much more, with an admirable tact 
and skill and untiring expenditure of patient effort. 

"4. Resolved, that we pray God's richest blessing on the 
man whose sympathy, ability, faithfulness, and courage 

[ 57 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

we can never forget. He was the right man in the right 
place at the right time, and will always serve our memories 
as the type of official whom the American people ought to 
have in times of greatest need. 

"5. Resolved, that the Chairman of the meeting of pas- 
sengers be requested to forward a copy of these resolutions 
to the Honorable Secretary of State." 

(Signed) Edward Rondthaler, Chairman 

Edward M. Farnsworth, Secretary 
George B. McClellan 
Park Benjamin 
Benjamin W. Fredericks 

August 18, 1914. 

^ The second set adopted, the next day, reads as follows: 

"Resolved, by this meeting of the passengers on this 
19th day of August, 1914, that we express our deepest 
gratitude, our great debt, and our lasting appreciation of 
the work and accomplishment of the Committee of Guaran- 
tors as represented by Messrs. Smith, Butler, Dunn and 
Vanderbilt, the other ladies and gentlemen who have borne 
the burden of the clerical work, and the doctors who have 
so cheerfully and efficiently attended to the preservation of 
our health. 

"Be it further resolved that we express our appreciation 
to the Commander and officers of the ship Principe di 
Udine for the many ways in which they have ministered 
to our comfort and for their unfailing courtesy." 

[ 58 ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

<J At the last meeting, the passengers voted that the Chair 
appoint a committee whose duties would be to inform public 
opinion in the United States, and if necessary, to visit 
Washington, to make representation to the proper govern- 
ment officials, regarding the urgent needs, both financial 
and as to transportation, of Americans traveling in Europe 
at the outbreak of the war. Dr. Butler appointed the 
following men to serve on the committee: 

R. A. C. Smith, New York, Chairman 
Park Benjamin, New York 
Henry Burnett, Louisville, Kentucky 
Nicholas Murray Butler, New York 
Gano Dunn, New York 
William G. Frizell, Dayton, Ohio 
Edwin B. Gager, Derby, Connecticut 
Charles C. Hoyt, Brookline, Massachusetts 
George B. McClellan. New York 
William R. Newbold, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
Theodore W. Noyes, Washington, D. C. 
Stewart Paton, Princeton, New Jersey 
Charles K. Paul, Chicago, Illinois 
Edward Rondthaler, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 
Jacob G. Schmidlapp, Cincinnati, Ohio 
Sidney T. Smythe, Delafield, Wisconsin. 
Landon Thomas, Augusta, Georgia. 
(See footnote) 

^ fin the evening of Friday, the twenty-first, the ship's 
company enjoyed a concert given by the orchestra and fellow 
passengers. Divine Service was held both Sundays at sea, 

(These men met at the Hotel Biltmore in New York on Tuesday, 
August 25, with an assistant to the Secretary of State, and officially 
expressed to him their satisfaction with the steps the Government had 
taken at that time.) 

[ 59 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

Dr. Rondthaler, of North Carolina, Bishop in the Moravian 
Church, conducted the first service, and Mr. A. E. Cory, of 
Cincinnati, the second. 




A FEW OF THE SHIP S COMPANY ON THE EVENING OF THE CONCERT 



<I Tuesday, the eighteenth, at 10:30 A. M., (unofficial log- 
time) we crossed the half way point of our voyage. The 
time could not have been more opportune; fortune had sent 
us a smooth sea and a cloudless sky, so that all the pas- 
sengers were on deck to watch the hoisting of the stars 

[ 60 ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

and stripes to the forepeak. Captain Tiscornia, Mr. Smith, 
Dr. Butler, and Mr. Dunn, stood on the bridge, while the 
big whistle saluted and the crowd cheered the colors. 

^ Only twice during the voyage did we come in actual con- 
tact with the war, although the wireless — that magic voice 
of the sky — kept us closely informed about the happenings 
in Europe. Every morning, Mr. Dunn posted bulletins 
of the news which had been caught during the preceding 
night. At first, we read of German defeats everywhere, but 
later, we saw statement after statement of German victory. 
On August nineteenth, a black-bordered announcement 
appeared saying that Pope Pius had died. Out of the 
confused rattle of clickings and tappings which had reached 
the operator's ears during the night watches, he had "read" 
the news, but not wishing to post any misinformation, he 
gave the statement as follows: "It is officially announced 
that His Holiness, Pope Pius the Tenth, is dying. A later 
report says he is really dead." 

^ Our first contact with the war after we had left Genoa 
happened at Gibraltar, the third evening out. The sun had 
just gone down behind the historic rock, and the soft 
darkness of twilight was beginning to cast a haze over its 
sharp outlines when of a sudden, a small torpedo boat 
destroyer speeded towards us from the shadows. Since 
Dr. Butler had prepared for such an incident before weighing 
anchor by obtaining permission through the kindness of 
Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, to pass 
Gibraltar, and since the American flag was at the peak, we 
felt pretty sure that we would not be delayed. Yet it caused 

[ 61 ] 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

a thrill to see the little belligerent vessel approach with the 
swiftness of a greyhound. When it had come alongside, one 
of the Englishmen flashed the white beam of a powerful 
searchlight first at our colors and then at our decks crowded 
with passengers who had turned out to see the King's 
fighting ship. 

<I The English officer in command called the customary, 
"Where are you from and where bound?" and upon re- 
ceiving the reply, "From Genoa to New York, carrying 
American citizens," he ordered the inquisitive ray turned 
off, and then, with a final "Thank you", directed his little 
craft back to the protecting rock. A lusty cheer from four 
hundred American throats followed his vessel across the 
water. 

<I Our other experience with a man-o-war happened some 
seven hundred miles off the coast of New York on Friday, 
the twenty-first. About five o'clock in the afternoon, we 
received a wireless message from a ship far down on the 
starboard quarter behind us. 

<I "To I. Y. XL," it called, (I. Y. IT. is the wireless name for 
the Principe di Udine) "Stop your ship by order of 
our commander. Tell your captain to stop his engines and 
await us." 

<I Our operator, Signor Amici, asked, "Please give your 
name." 

^ "We are an English warship," came the reply. 

[ 62 ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOCx 

^ Then Signore Amici answered for Captain Tiscorni; 
"Your message received. Our engines are stopped." 




THE ENGLISH AUXILIARY CRUISER 

<§ The other continued, "To I. Y. U.: Please tell us from 
what port you sailed, where you are bound, what cargo 
you have, and how many passengers." 

<I We replied, "To English warship: From Genoa to New 
York. Little general merchandise. 399 passengers, 
American citizens. Vessel chartered by American Consul 
General." 

f 03 1 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

<§ Then came the response, "You may proceed. Sorry 
to have delayed you. Wish you pleasant voyage." 




WATCHING THE CRUISER PASS 



<ll While this conversation was going on, the black hull 
and smoking funnels grew larger and larger as the vessel 
approached us, churning white foam in the indigo sea. 

^ W T hen the ship drew near, the excitement on the Udine 
became intense; passengers crowded even high up on the 
life-boats in order to get an unobstructed view of His 
Majesty's man-o-war. Our vessel, with flags flying from 

F 64 1 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

every mast and with hundreds of passengers lining the rails, 
must have presented a brilliant spectacle to the Britishers; 
and certainly, the auxiliary cruiser made an interesting 
sight to us as she steamed past. With binoculars, we could 
make out her formidable guns, and even the red and white 
of the ensigns floating at her tops. 

^ Ever since the two vessels had reached signaling distance, 
their captains had been supplementing the wireless con- 
versation with International Code communication. Our 
excited Italian sailors hoisted string after string of parti- 
colored flags in response to the questioning banners flying 
from the English halyards, until the captain of the cruiser 
gave us the word to proceed. 

<][ While the black vessel was drawing away, we suddenly 
ran into a shower, whose approach had been unnoticed 
in the excitement of watching the cruiser. It blew over 
in a moment, however; and then, as if to announce that 
our war experiences were finally ended, a beautiful rainbow 
appeared. After seeing this good omen, we felt that 
we should have no more "refugee" troubles. Memories 
of trials on the Continent quickly receded before thoughts of 
America, and conversations about the arrival in New York 
took precedence over all others during the rest of the 
voyage. 

<I On Sunday, the formal farewells between the captain 
and his ship's company presaged the ending of the 
voyage. Captain Tiscornia's after dinner toast that 

[ 05 } 



A REFUGEE SHIP 

evening very fittingly conveys an idea of the careful courtesy 
he extended to his passengers on this unique trip. He said: 

"Ladies and Gentlemen: 

"The friendship which has existed for so many years 
between your country and mine makes it most appropriate 
that you should be returning home upon an Italian ship. 

"Italy rejoices to be of service to Americans as America 
has always rejoiced to serve Italians in their need. If I 
have been so fortunate as to have helped you on your way, 
I am more than repaid by your friendship, which I assure 
you, I can never forget. 

"May this voyage of the Principe di Udine serve to 
bind our countries more closely together. 

"I drink to the health and happiness of the United States 
and Italy." 




THE MASCOT IN SAFE HANDS 



[ 66 ] 



THE UNOFFICIAL LOG 

<I Thus endeth the Unofficial Log of the eventful voyage of 
the Principe di Udine. Because of limitations of space, 
many interesting events have not been recorded. No men- 
tion has been made of the stony Balearics, the green Azores, 




ARRIVING IN NEW YORK 



the flying fish that disported themselves during the early 
morning hours, the leaping dolphins, nor of a hundred 
other incidents we all remember; but the omissions must be 
forgiven, for the Log is but unofficial after all. 

[ 67 ] 



REFUGEES OX THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 



REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 



Mr. Joseph J. Abbott 

Mrs. Josephine Allen 

Mr. Hoxie Anderson 

Mr. Kenneth Anderson 

Mr. and Mrs. Horace E. Andrews 

Miss Dorothy D. Andrews 

Mr. H. D. Andrews 

Miss Margery D. Andrews 

Miss Sophie T. Andrews 

Mr. Leo Arany 

Mrs. H. T. Arnold 

Miss M. E. Arnold 

Mr. Ernest Artoni 

Mr. C. M. Atkins 

Mrs. George C. Avery 

Mrs. Philip W. Avirett 

Mr. William G. Avirett 

Miss Cecile Ayres 

Mr. and Mrs. Reid S. Baker 

Miss Wilhelmina Barfield 

Miss Julia Barnard 

Miss Elizabeth Barr 

Mr. and Mrs. S. L. Bartlett 

Dr. W. 0. Bartlett 

Miss Emily Bauer 

Miss Sarah H. Bayne 

Dr. and Mrs. Edwin Beer 

Miss Elizabeth Beer 

Miss Isabel Beer 

Miss Phyllis Beer 

Mr. Arno Behnke 

Miss Anna Benjamin 

Miss Dorothy Benjamin 

Mr. Park Benjamin 

Mr. Allen R. Benner 

Mrs. Horace Bigelow 

Mrs. R. M. Birmingham 

Mrs. C. J. Blaney 

Rev. James E. Bobier 

[ 71 



Lynn, Mass. 
New York City 
Ardmore, Oklahoma 
Albany, N. Y. 
New York City 



Bensonhnrst, N. Y. 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
New York City 
Jersey City, N. J. 
Pottsville, Pa. 
Louisville Ky. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Chester, Pa. 
Washington, D. C. 
Hinsdale, 111. 
Asheville, N. C. 
Metuchen, N. J. 
Boston, Mass. 

Worcester, Mass. 
Canton, Missouri 
New York City 



Grand Rapids, Mich. 
New York City 



Andover, Mass. 
New York City 
Lawrence, Mass. 
Brookline, Mass. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 



A REFUGEE SHIP 



Dr. and Mrs. John C. Boyd 

Mr. Walter W. Boyd 

Mrs. Eugenia C. Briggs 

Miss Jennie Brodsky 

Mr. Oakley Brown 

Miss Elizabeth A. Bryan 

Miss Minnie L. Bryan 

Mr. and Mrs. Henry Budd 

Mr. Robert Budd 

Mr. and Mrs. Henry Burnett 

Dr. and Mrs. Nicholas M. Butler 

Miss Sarah Schuyler Butler 

Mr. and Mrs. Eugene H. Byrne 

Miss Elizabeth R. Cain 

Miss Mary F. Cain 

Mr. William B. Cain 

Miss Marie Callaud 

Mrs. M. J. Callinan 

Miss Sara B. Callinan 

Miss Helen Cannon 

Miss Marie A. Carberry 

Mr. Guido Carpi 

Miss A. M. Carroll 

Mrs. F. H. Churchill 

Miss Rose Churchill 

Mr. W. E. Clark 

Miss Mary R. Clarke 

Mr. P. M. Clarkson 

Mrs. W. B. Clarkson 

Mr. Daniel E. Cleary 

Mr. Howard T. Clinch 

Miss Agnes Colbrey 

Mrs. W. E. Conklin 

Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Cory 

Miss Elise Cramer 

Miss Helen L. Craver 

Mrs. M. C. Craver 

Miss Elizabeth E. Crellin 

Mr. R. P. Crellin 

Miss Alma Curtis 

Miss Ida Cushman 

Mrs. Sara M. Davis 

Mrs. J. Francis Day 

Miss Olive S. Day 

Mr. Charles S. Dearstyne 

[ 72 ; 



Washington, D. C. 

Cromwell, Conn. 
Mount Vernon, N. 
Greenwich, Conn. 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
Chicago, 111. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 

Louisville, Ky. 
New York City 

Madison, Wis. 
Brooklvn. N. Y. 



New York City 
Philadelphia, Pa. 

Danville, 111. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Brockton, Mass. 
Washington, D. C. 
New Britain, Conn. 

Chicago, 111. 
New York City 
Jacksonville, Florida 

Jersey City, N. J. 
New York City 
Washington, D. C. 
Hartford, Conn. 
Cincinnati, Ohio 
New York City 
Binghampton, N. Y. 

Scranton, Pa . . 

Taconv, Pa. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Palatka, Florida 
Utica, N. Y. 
New Haven, Conn. 
Albany, N. Y. 



REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 



Miss E. M. Dennis 

Rev. Yaldimir Derzyruka 

Miss Esther Detchon 

Mr. Fred K. Detwiller 

Mr. William R. Dewey, Jr. 

Mrs. G. W. Doherty 

Miss Agnes Donald 

Miss Alice Dorian 

Mr. W. W. Dove 

Miss Mary Doyle 

Miss Eva M. Dunlop 

Mr. Gano Dunn 

Miss Lotta Edwards 

Mr. E. H. Engelhorn 

Rev. J. A. Engwall 

Mr. Martin Ergenzinger 

Mr. and Mrs. Edward M. Farnsworth 

Miss Edith W. Farnsworth 

Miss Clara Farr 

Miss Edith Farr 

Mr. Thomas F. Farrell 

Miss Lucinda E. Feeney 

Miss Verre Fennell 

Miss Doris Fenton 

Mrs. Thomas H. Fenton 

Mr. Michael Ferman 

Mr. Fred P. Fiske 

Miss Olive Flammer 

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen L. Folger 

Miss Elizabeth K. Ford 

Mr. and Mrs. B. W. Fredericks 

Miss Edith Fredericks 

Miss E. H. Fredericks 

Miss Marion E. Frederickson 

Mr. Willard J. Freeman 

Mr. A. D. French 

Mr. William G. Frizell 

Miss Verda M. Fulmer 

Mr. Charles C. Gager 

Hon. Edwin B. Gager 

Miss Florence Gayley 

Mrs. Gardiner Gayley 

Miss Emilie Gelli 

Miss Amanda Glaser 

Miss Teresa Gilmore 

[ 73 ] 



Ogontz, Pa. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Crawfordsville, Ind. 
Easton, Pa. 
Newton, Mass. 
New York City 
Hartford, Conn. 
New York City 
Providence, R. I. 
New York City 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
New York City 
Chicago, III. 
Spokane, Wash. 
Elgin, 111. 
Atlanta, Ga. 
Brookline, Mass. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Providence, R. I. 
New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Hartford, Conn. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 

San Juan, Porto Rico 
Brooklyn, X. Y. 
New York City 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Asheville, N. C. 
Newton, Mass. 



Madison, Wise. 
Lynnfield Center, Mass. 
Glenwood, Iowa 
Dayton, Ohio 
Philadelhpia, Pa. 
Derby, Conn. 

New York City 

San Francisco, Cal. 
Dayton, Ohio 
Washington, D. C. 



A REFUGEE SHIP 



Mr. Fred Godin 

Mr. Luther Goff 

Miss J. Goldschmidt 

Miss Alice Goldsmith 

Miss Elizabeth Halderman 

Mr. F. J. Haley 

Mr. Alfred Hamburg 

Mr. Bryant 0. Harman 

Mr. S. L. Harris 

Dr. Louis 0. Hartman 

Mr. and Mrs. Henry S. Haskell 

Miss Alma M. Hass 

Mrs. John N. Hazard 

Rev. Hugh T. Henry 

Miss B. Herlihy 

Miss M. C. Herron 

Mrs. William H. Hill 

Miss Elizabeth C. Hiney 

Mr. Albert C. Hoffmeister 

Miss Emma Hoffmeister 

Miss Jessie L. Hollohan 

Mr. and Mrs. Edwin T. Holmes 

Miss Mildred Holmes 

Miss Ethel Holmes 

Miss Nellie F. Hopkins 

Mrs. Robert Horner 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles C. Hoyt 

Miss Mary S. Hunter 

Mr. Oscar G. Iden 

Miss Irene Jackson 

Miss E. Ruth Jackson 

Mr. Walter Jacobson 

Miss Marie Jahn 

Mr. Brooke L. Jarrett 

Miss Nancy Johnson 

Dr. and Mrs. Collins H. Johnston 

Miss Carrie Johnston 

Miss Kathrine Johnston 

Miss Fannie Johnston 

Mrs. Albert H. Jones 

Mrs. Charles H. Keys 

Dr. G. C. Kilpatrick 

Mrs. Philip Rives King 

Mr. George W. Kirwan 

Mr. Charles Kleindinst 

[ 74 ] 



Kingston, R. I. 
Providence, R. I. 
New York City 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
New York Citv 



Plainfield, N. J. 
Oklahoma City, Okla. 
Chicago, 111. 
New York City 

Peacedale, R. I. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
New York City 
Cincinnati, Ohio 
Dedham, Mass. 
Hoboken, N. J. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 

cc 

Scarsdale, N. Y. 

New York City 
(< 

West Boylston, Mass. 
New Roehelle, N. Y. 
Louisville, Ky. 
Brookline, Mass. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Washington, D. C. 
Oak Lane, Pa. 

New York City 
New Britain, Conn. 
Pottstown, Pa. 
Washington, D. C. 
Grand Rapids, Mich. 



New York City 



Pensacola, Florida 
New York City 
Baltimore, Md. 
Jersey City, N. J. 



REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 



Mr. G. Prather Knapp 

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Knoepfle 

Mr. Charles H. Knox 

Miss Maria Knox 

Mr. William A. S. Lapetina 

Mrs. Augusta Leeper 

Miss Augusta Leeper 

Mr. and Mrs. James Albert Lewis 

Miss Gertrude F. Lewis 

Miss Olive C. Lewis 

Mr. and Mrs. John T. Lewis, Jr. 

Mr. Myron B. Levy 

Miss Elsie E. Lockwood 

Mr. Harry J. Logan 

Mr. Frank E. Luthery 

Miss Johanna Luttman 

Miss Louise Lyle 

Miss Elizabeth McAfee 

Miss Helen McAfee 

Mrs. H. M. McChessney 

Miss Katherine McClain 

Mr. and Mrs. George B. McClellan 

Mr. Edward F. McGovern 

Mr. Hugh D. McGrane 

Mr. A. J. McNary 

Miss Mary McPhail 

Mrs. Robert McVickar 

Miss Helen McVickar 

Mr. Guiseppi Maretti 

Mr. and Mrs. U. Martignone 

Mr. Berton Martignone 

Mrs. C. H. Meade 

Miss L. M. Meade 

Mr. F. L. Meleney 

Mrs. Chase Mellen 

Mr. Chase Mellen, Jr. 

Mr. Joseph M. Mellen 

Miss Susan C. Mellen 

Mr. William Palmer Mellen 

Mrs. J. C. Merritt 

Mrs. Z. T. Merritt 

Mr. George R. Metcalf, Jr. 

Mr. John R. Metcalf 

Miss Julia E. Meyer 

Miss M. Michaelis 

[ 75 ] 



St. Louis, Mo. 
Johnstown, Pa. 
New York City 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Bluebell P. 0., Pa. 
New York City 

Brooklyn, X. Y. 



Philadelphia, Pa. 
New York City 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Jersey City, N. J. 
San Antonio, Texas 
New York City 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

St. Louis, Mo. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
New York City 
Boston, Mass. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Albany, X. Y. 
New York City 
Mount Vernon, X. "" 

Birmingham, Ala. 
Cleveland, Ohio 

New York City 

Brooklyn, X. Y. 
Garden City, X. Y. 



Marlboro, X. Y 
Miami, Florida 
Erie, Pa. 

Norfolk, Conn. 
New York ( it y 



A REFUGEE SHIP 



Mr. and Mrs. D. S. Miller 

Mr. Albert P. Mills 

Mrs. Edward C. Mills 

Mr. Joseph Mitchelson 

Miss Caroline Monk 

Miss H. P. Moody 

Miss Gladys Morris 

Miss Alma F. Morrisette 

Mrs. Ella G. Morrison 

Mr. S. E. Mosher 

Mr. Eugene Mosti 

Prof, and Mrs. H. S. Munroe 

Mr. Thomas Murphy 

Mr. Nicholas Murray 

Prof, and Mrs. William R. Newbold 

Miss Lucy Newhall 

Mr. William P. Newhall 

Miss Ethel Norris 

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore \Y. Noyes 

Mr. Theodore P. Noyes 

Mr. Henry Oehmson 

Mrs. Kate Oehmsox 

Rev. G. S. Ohsland 

Mr. Russell B. Olds 

Miss Katherine G. O'Leary 

Bishop Ortynski 

Miss Abigial Osborxf 

Dr. and Mrs. Virgil F. Parker 

Dr. and Mrs. Stewart Paton 

Miss Evelyn Paton 

Mr. R. Townley Paton 

Mr. William Paton 

Mr. Claude M. Patterson 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Paul 

Mr. Ronald H. Pearce 

Miss Gertrude Perry 

Mr. R. C. Phillips, Jr. 

Mr. R. W. Pinto 

Mr. Jacob Piroth 

Miss Fannie A. Pitts 

Mr. Wixthrop B. Pizzixi 

Mr. and Mrs. Carlo Polifeme 

Mr. David D. Post, Jr. 

Miss Anne Randolph 

Miss Harriet Randolph 

[ 76 ] 



Stroudsburg, Pa. 
Albany, N. Y. 
Cincinnati, Ohio 
Hartford, Conn. 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Jacksonville, Florida 
Pittsburg, Pa. 
Worcester, Mass. 
Denver, Colorado 
Port Huron, Mich. 
Morgan Post Office, 1 
New York City 
Washington, D. C. 
Baltimore, Md. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 



Washington, D. C. 



Hi 



N. Y 



Chicago, 111. 
Charles City, Iowa 
Lawrence, Mass. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Elyria, Ohio 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Princeton, N. J. 



Brookline, Mass. 
Chicago, 111. 
Chestnut Hill, Mass. 
Chicago, 111. 
Middletown, Ohio 
New York City 
Tottenville, S.I., N. Y. 
Cleveland, Ohio 
Richmond, Va. 
New York City 
Hartford, Conn. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 



REFUGEES ON THE PRINCIPE DI UDINE 



Mr. and Mrs. Louis D. Ray 
Miss Mabel Reed 
Miss Ethel A. Reeve 
Hon. and Mrs. Paul S. Reinsch 
Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Renkex 
Mr. Harrison Rhodes 
Mr. Clifford Rodman 
Mr. Dudley Thayer Rogers 
Mr. August F. Roller 
Bishop and Mrs. Edward Rondthaler 
Mr. and Mrs. William V. Rowe 
Miss Zelia E. Roy 
Miss Sarah Russell 
Mrs. Adolph Sander 
Miss Ida San Felice 
Mr. Gustave Schirmer 
Mr. Jacob G. Schmidlapp 
Miss Alberta A. Searing 
Miss Irene Seed 
Mrs. John Siiepard, Jr. 
Mr. Robert F. Shepard 
Mr. and Mrs. John S. Sheppard, Jk. 
Miss Janet Sheppard 
Mr. Chris Shutts 
Mrs. Evelyn R. Simpson- 
Miss Nellie Simpson 
Mr. John B. Smallwood 
Mr. and Mrs. R. A. C. Smith 
Miss Margaret Smith 
Mi;. William Smith 
Mr. Charles T. Smythe 
Dr. Sydney T. Smythe 
Miss Henrietta Solomon 
Miss Rebecca Solomon 
Miss Helen C. Somers 
Miss Marion C. Somers 
Miss Anna E. Spates 
Miss Marion Spring 
Dr. and Mrs. A. Camp Stanley 
Mr. George R. Stearns 
Mr. Walter H. Stearns 
Mr. Carl E. Steiger 
Miss Elizabeth Steinen 
Miss Emily Stephens 
Miss Else Stjernstrom 



New York Cit 1 



Madison, Wise. 
San Antonio, Texas 
New York City 
Los Angeles, Cal. 
Dedham, Mass. 
Fordtown, Tennessee 
Winston-Salem, N. C. 
Now York City 

Seranton, Pa. 
Cincinnati, Ohio 
Princeton, N. J. 
New York City 
Cincinnati, Ohio 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Lawrence, Mass. 
Boston, Mass. 

New Y T ork City 

Harrison, N. Y. 
Troy, N. Y. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Washington, D. C. 
New Y^ork City 

Norfolk, Va. 
Delafield, Wise. 

New York City 

Jersey City, N. J. 

St. Paul, Minnesota 
Ashland. Mass. 
Washington, D. C. 
Augusta, Georgia 
Pawtucket, R. I. 
Oshkosh, Wise. 
Cleveland, Ohio 
New York City 
Peacedale, R. I. 



[ 77 



A REFUGEE SHIP 



Miss Nellie N. Stow 

Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Talcott 

Miss Alice Talcott 

Mr. Charles H. Talcott, Jr. 

Mr. Dudley V. Talcott 

Mr. Seth Talcott 

Mrs. G. S. Talcott 

Miss Lucy Talcott 

Miss Theodora Talcott 

Mrs. E. J. Tattershall 

Miss Fannie Tattershall 

Miss Ruth Tattershall 

Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Thanhouser 

Mr. Lloyd Thanhouser 

Miss Marie Thanhouser 

Mrs. James Thayer 

Miss Cora E. Thomas 

Mr. and Mrs. Landon A. Thomas 

Miss Ellen Thomas 

Miss Emily Thomas 

Mr. Joseph B. Thomas 

Miss Olive G. Thurston 

Col. and Mrs. S. E. Tillman 

Miss K. D. Tillman 

Mrs. Charles H. Tompkins 

Miss Eliza Tompkins 

Mrs. A. B. Turner 

Mr. Titus Ulke 

Miss Edvidge Vaccary 

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Vanderbilt 

Miss Henrietta M. Walker 

Mr. Norman Wallace 

Mr. Victor H. Wallace 

Mrs. Arthur V. Warfield 

Mr. John K. Weatherby, Jr. 

Mr. Henry D. Weiser 

Mr. Henry C. Weisse 

Miss Emily H. Welch 

Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Welling 

Prof, and Mrs. Webster Wells 

Miss Julia E. Wessman 

Mr. Fred H. White 

Miss Helen Williams 

Mr. R. W. Wood 

Mrs. G. C. Zellweger 

[ 78 ] 



Cromwell, Conn. 
Hartford, Conn. 



New Britain, Conn. 



White Haven, Pa. 



New York City 



Baltimore, Md. 
Augusta, Georgia 



New York City 

Southampton, N. Y. 

Ithaca, N. Y. 
New York City 
Boston, Mass. 
Washington, D. C. 
New Y'ork City 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Springfield, Mass. 
Washington, D. C. 
Edgewood, R. I. 
Minneapolis, Minn. 
New York City 
Shevbogen Falls, Wise. 
New York City 
Chicago, 111. 
Brookline, Mass. 
Norfolk, Conn. 
New York City 
Warwick, N. Y. 
Providence, R. I. 
San Antonio, Texas 



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